TPACK,+the+ADDIE+Model,+and+Gagne

TPACK as it Relates to the ADDIE Model and Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction

The ADDIE model for developing lessons and Gagne's system for presenting lessons in a clear and effective manner are great tools for teachers to use to ensure they have taken the steps to create effective, engaging lessons that will have a lasting affect on student learning. Teachers constantly analyze the data they have collected on the students they will teach to structure lessons that are developmentally appropriate. They then use their understanding of a variety of teaching styles to select the delivery method that will render their lesson most memorable and authentic.

For a teacher interested in integrating technology into their lessons, the ADDIE model and Gagne leave room for technology, but they do not necessarily provide a framework for teachers to use to ensure that the technology they choose to incorporate is the best choice. That is where TPACK re-enters the scene.

Let's take, for instance, the lesson plan laid out in this wiki. Technology is incorporated throughout the learning process, but how do we know we have made the best choices to enhance student learning? Let's take a look at the TPACK model and how it confirms we've chosen the correct technology.



Video Introduction to the 13 Colonies
For this lesson we've chosen to introduce the content by having the students watch a short video that provides basic information about the 13 colonies. While watching the video, student groups are to take notes on the important information which will be used later for their projects.

**Technological Knowledge:** For digital natives, videos provide a great platform for delivering new content. Students respond well to videos and are engaged by them. In addition, a video allows a student or group of students to pause, rewind, and revisit the content over and over. This gives them more opportunities to gather information and take quality notes.


 * Pedagogical Knowledge**: Small group work is particularly effective when the teacher can be free to roam around and provide assistance. When students complete projects in small groups, they need time to determine the group dynamic before jumping into the project. By giving groups the responsibility of building their collective understanding of the basic facts about the 13 colonies, the group members have time to form relationships.


 * Content Knowledge:** The 13 colonies had a number of things in common, and this video provides all the information students will need to get started on their project, but not too much information so that they will become overwhelmed. Students will get a good knowledge base that they can use to determine where to start when they are researching their particular region.

Student Research with CultureGrams
To gather more research and build their understanding of their assigned colonial region, groups will use the CutureGrams database. CultureGrams is a great resource for geographical, cultural, and historical information about countries all over the world.


 * Technological Knowledge**: When students are conducting research, a database interface provides them with information that is easy-to-navigate. This is often a better choice than, say, a Google search, where students are less likely to be able to sift through the results to find what is truly useful for the project.


 * Pedagogical Knowledge:** Instead of delivering information to the students in a direct-instruction format, the students are required to take ownership of their learning. In this setting the students are more likely to do a thorough search and pay close attention because they are responsible to their group as well as responsible for their own understanding of the content.


 * Content Knowledge:** CultureGrams provides a great deal of useful and relevant historical information that will build the students' understanding of the topic.

[[image:http://activitytypes.wmwikis.net/file/view/gottpack.jpg/49795127/gottpack.jpg width="360" height="360" align="left"]]Final Project
Students will demonstrate their learning from this lesson by completing a final project. Instead of prescribing a single project option that every student must create, students get to decide how they want to show what they learned. While all the projects have the same requirements, they will all be tailored to the groups or individuals who create them.


 * Technological Knowledge:** One of the key reasons to incorporate technology in the classroom is so that you can individualize student learning by letting them choose the tools that work for them. In this project, students will have to identify a tool that they know will help them show what they learned, and they will have to use that tool to create a project.
 * Pedagogical Knowledge:** It is important to give students an opportunity to be creative and to make their own choices. When students get to choose how to demonstrate their learning, they truly take ownership of the project and they are more invested in the results.
 * Content Knowledge:** The goal of the project is for students to show mastery of the learning objectives. If students are able to incorporate all of the requirements into their final product, it will demonstrate that they have mastered these objectives.